[Full-Version] 2026 Updated ISACA Study Guide CISA Dumps Questions
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The CISA certification exam comprises of four domains, namely, Information Systems Auditing Process, Governance and Management of IT, Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation, and Information Systems Operations, Maintenance, and Service Management. CISA exam format includes multiple-choice questions and is offered in several languages globally. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification is valid for five years, and to maintain the certification, individuals must earn continuing professional education (CPE) credits every year. The CISA certification is highly valued by organizations globally and is recognized as a benchmark for excellence in the field of information systems auditing.
The CISA certification exam is globally recognized and highly sought after by employers. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification demonstrates to employers that the holder possesses the necessary knowledge and skills to audit, control, monitor, and assess an organization's information technology and business systems. The CISA certification is also recognized by government agencies, including the United States Department of Defense, as a requirement for certain job positions.
Governance & Management of IT: This section is designed to evaluate one’s capability to identify different critical concerns and recommend specific enterprise practices to safeguard and support information governance and related technologies. These include the following:
- IT Governance – IT governance & IT strategy; IT policies, procedures, and standards; IT-related frameworks; organizational and enterprise structures; enterprise risk management; maturity models;
- IT Management – IT resource management; service provider management and acquisition; quality management and quality assurance of IT; IT performance reporting and monitoring.
NEW QUESTION # 196
Which of the following is the GREATEST risk associated with instant messaging?
- A. Data governance may become ineffective.
- B. Data logging is more difficult.
- C. Data classification procedures may not be followed.
- D. Data exfiltration is more likely to occur.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 197
An IS auditor noted that an organization had adequate business continuity plans (BCPs) for each individual process, but no comprehensive BCP. Which would be the BEST course of action for the IS auditor?
- A. Accept the BCPs as written.
- B. Recommend that an additional comprehensive BCP be developed.
- C. Determine whether the BCPs are consistent.
- D. Recommend the creation of a single BCP.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Depending on the complexity of the organization, there could be more than one plan to address various aspects of business continuity and disaster recovery. These do not necessarily have to be integrated into one single plan; however, each plan should be consistent with other plans to have a viable business continuity planning strategy.
NEW QUESTION # 198
An IS auditor notes that IDS log entries related to port scanning are not being analyzed. This lack of analysis will MOST likely increase the risk of success of which of the following attacks?
- A. Buffer overflow
- B. Social engineering
- C. Replay
- D. Denial-of-service
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Prior to launching a denial-of-service attack, hackers often use automatic port scanning software to acquire information about the subject of their attack. A replay attack is simply sending the same packet again.
Social engineering exploits end-user vulnerabilities, and buffer overflow attacks exploit poorly written code.
NEW QUESTION # 199
To help determine whether a controls-reliant approach to auditing financial systems in a company should be used, which sequence of IS audit work is MOST appropriate?
- A. Review of major financial applications followed by a review of IT governance processes
- B. Review of the general IS controls followed by a review of the application controls
- C. Review of application controls followed by a test of key business process controls
- D. Detailed examination of financial transactions followed by review of the general ledger
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.guidebook.com/upload/142910/K5MKWHplRVU5SBRIL7ZGm Cv53GSqsLD2Vjkb.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 200
Which of the following BEST indicates to an IS auditor that an organization handles emergency changes appropriately and transparently?
- A. Change management controls are retroactively applied.
- B. The application operations manual contains procedures to ensure emergency fixes do not compromise system integrity.
- C. Special logon IDs are used to grant programmers permanent access to the production environment.
- D. Emergency changes are applied to production libraries immediately.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 201
A web proxy server for corporate connections to external resources reduces organizational risk by:
- A. providing multi-factor authentication for additional security.
- B. load balancing traffic to optimize data pathways.
- C. anonymizing users through changed IP addresses.
- D. providing faster response than direct access.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A web proxy server for corporate connections to external resources reduces organizational risk by anonymizing users through changed IP addresses. A web proxy server is an intermediary between the web and client devices, that can provide proxy services to a client or a group of clients1. One of the main benefits of using a web proxy server is that it allows users to change their IP address and location, circumventing geoblocking and hiding their identity from the target website2.
Anonymizing internal IP addresses is important for online security, as it helps protect the organization from several threats. If an attacker controls a server that employees connect to, the outgoing IP address of the organization's router is logged on the server. This IP address can be used by the attacker to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack or to create more targeted attacks such as phishing2. With a web proxy server, the IP shown in web logs is the web proxy's, which means an attacker would not have access to the organization's router outgoing IP address2.
Anonymizing outgoing IP addresses is also important when carrying out sensitive actions online, such as law enforcement investigations or competitive intelligence. A web proxy server can help users avoid exposing their internal IP address that leads back to their organization, and instead use a third-party web proxy that provides more anonymity2.
The other options are not directly related to reducing organizational risk by using a web proxy server. Providing multi-factor authentication for additional security (option B) is a benefit of some web proxy servers, but it is not the main purpose of using a web proxy server3. Providing faster response than direct access (option C) is a benefit of some web proxy servers that cache content for better data transfer speeds and less bandwidth usage, but it is not directly related to reducing organizational risk1. Load balancing traffic to optimize data pathways (option D) is a benefit of some web proxy servers that distribute traffic across multiple servers, but it is not directly related to reducing organizational risk4.
References: 1: Proxy servers and tunneling 2: Multi-factor authentication: How to enable 2FA and boost your security 3: What Is Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) Security? 4: How it works: Microsoft Entra multifactor authentication
NEW QUESTION # 202
What should an IS auditor do FIRST when management responses
to an in-person internal control questionnaire indicate a key internal
control is no longer effective?
- A. Verify the impact of the control no longer being effective.
- B. Ascertain the existence of other compensating controls.
- C. Validate the overall effectiveness of the internal control.
- D. Determine the resources required to make the controleffective.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The first thing that an IS auditor should do when management responses to an in-person internal control questionnaire indicate a key internal control is no longer effective is to ascertain the existence of other compensating controls. Compensating controls are alternative controls that provide reasonable assurance of achieving the same objective as the original control. The IS auditor should verify whether there are any compensating controls in place that can mitigate the risk of the key control being ineffective, and evaluate their adequacy and effectiveness. The other options are not the first steps, because theyeither require more information about the compensating controls, or they are actions to be taken after identifying and assessing the compensating controls. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 2, Section 2.2.3
NEW QUESTION # 203
Responsibility and reporting lines cannot always be established when auditing automated systems since:
- A. ownership is difficult to establish where resources are shared.
- B. diversified control makes ownership irrelevant.
- C. duties change frequently in the rapid development of technology.
- D. staff traditionally changes jobs with greater frequency.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Because of the diversified nature of both data and application systems, the actual owner of data and applications may be hard to establish.
NEW QUESTION # 204
An organization is implementing a new system to replace a legacy system. Which of the following conversion practices creates the GREATEST risk?
- A. Parallel
- B. Phased
- C. Direct cutover
- D. Pilot
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Direct cutover implies switching to the new system immediately, usually without the ability to revert to the old system in the event of problems. All other alternatives are done gradually and thus provide greater recoverability and are therefore less risky.
NEW QUESTION # 205
Which of the following would be the BEST access control procedure?
- A. Authorized staff implements the user authorization tables and the data owner sanctions them.
- B. The data owner creates and updates the user authorization tables.
- C. The data owner formally authorizes access and an administrator implements the user authorization tables.
- D. The data owner and an IS manager jointly create and update the user authorization tables.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
The data owner holds the privilege and responsibility for formally establishing the access rights. An IS administrator should then implement or update user authorization tables. Choice B alters the desirable order. Choice C is not a formal procedure for authorizing access.
NEW QUESTION # 206
The objective of concurrency control in a database system is to:
- A. restrict updating of the database to authorized users.
- B. prevent integrity problems when two processes attempt to update the same data at the same time.
- C. prevent inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of data in the database.
- D. ensure the accuracy, completeness and consistency of data.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Concurrency controls prevent data integrity problems, which can arise when two update processes access
the same data item at the same time. Access controls restrict updating of the database to authorized users,
and controls such as passwords prevent the inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of data from the
database. Quality controls, such as edits, ensure the accuracy, completeness and consistency of data
maintained in the database.
NEW QUESTION # 207
An IS auditor evaluating the change management process must select a sample from the change log. What is the BEST way for the auditor to confirm the change log is complete?
- A. Take the last change from the system and trace it back to the log.
- B. Take an item from the log and trace it back to the system.
- C. Interview change management personnel about completeness.
- D. Obtain management attestation of completeness.
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/auditinginformationsystems/chapter/0503/
NEW QUESTION # 208
What would an IS auditor expect to find in the console log? Choose the BEST answer.
- A. Evidence of password sharing
- B. System errors
- C. Evidence of password spoofing
- D. Evidence of data copy activities
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
An IS auditor can expect to find system errors to be detailed in the console log.
NEW QUESTION # 209
Which of the following methods of encryption has been proven to be almost unbreakable when correctly used?
- A. key pair
- B. None of the choices.
- C. certificate
- D. Oakley
- E. one-time pad
- F. 3-DES
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
It's possible to protect messages in transit by means of cryptography.
One method of encryption --the one-time pad --has been proven to be unbreakable when correctly used.
This method uses a matching pair of key- codes, securely distributed, which are used once-and-only-once to encode and decode a single message. Note that this method is difficult to use securely, and is highly inconvenient as well.
NEW QUESTION # 210
The MAJOR consideration for an IS auditor reviewing an organization's IT project portfolio is the:
- A. existing IT environment.
- B. investment plan.
- C. business plan.
- D. IT budget.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
One of the most important reasons for which projects get funded is how well a project meets an organization's strategic objectives. Portfolio management takes a holistic view of a company's overall IT strategy. IT strategy should be aligned with the business strategy and, hence, reviewing the business plan should be the major consideration. Choices A, B and D are important but secondary to the importance of reviewing the business plan.
NEW QUESTION # 211
With a properly implemented public key infrastructure (PKI) In use, person A wishes to ensure that an outgoing message can be read only by person B.
To achieve this, the message should be encrypted using which of the following?
- A. Person A's private key
- B. Person B's private key
- C. Person A's public key
- D. Person B's public key
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 212
Which of the following tools are MOST helpful for benchmarking an existing IT capability?
- A. IT matunty models
- B. Risk assessments
- C. Prior IS audit reports
- D. IT balanced scorecards
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 213
Which of the following is an objective of IT project portfolio management?
- A. Validation of business case benefits
- B. Selection of sound, strategically aligned investment opportunities
- C. Successful implementation of projects
- D. Establishment of tracking mechanisms
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 214
Which of the following BEST enables the authentication of an email from an untrusted network?
- A. Transport Layer Security (TLS)
- B. Email encryption
- C. Secure Shell (SSH) connections
- D. Digital signatures
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 215
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